I only use tape and/or chalk for really high volume or when trying to set a PR. Callouses are caused by friction, and chalk increases friction. What I have found that works is:
* Chalk in the fingers (to increase fingers grip)
* Talc in hands (to decrease friction in palm and absorb sweat)
==> Chalk particles are flat, talc's are rounder

I saw someone at my RKC kill their hands with improper use of rosin (which is a "sticky" substance, and thus would increase friction).